Ehd1

2022-11-15 | Categories genes  | Tags flower  height  grain  heading date  leaf  shoot  panicle  floral  grain number  meristem  shoot apical meristem  spikelet  flowering time  yield  spikelet number 

• Information
  • Symbol: Ehd1
  • MSU: LOC_Os10g32600
  • RAPdb: Os10g0463400
• PSP score
  • LOC_Os10g32600.1: 0.0043
• PLAAC score
  • LOC_Os10g32600.1: 0
• pLDDT score
  • 63.92
• Protein Structure from AlphaFold and UniProt
  • 
• Publication
  • Ehd1, a B-type response regulator in rice, confers short-day promotion of flowering and controls FT-like gene expression independently of Hd1, 2004, Genes Dev.
  • Knockdown of SAMS genes encoding S-adenosyl-l-methionine synthetases causes methylation alterations of DNAs and histones and leads to late flowering in rice, 2011, J Plant Physiol.
  • Heading date gene, dth3 controlled late flowering in O. Glaberrima Steud. by down-regulating Ehd1, 2011, Plant Cell Rep.
  • OsCO3, a CONSTANS-LIKE gene, controls flowering by negatively regulating the expression of FT-like genes under SD conditions in rice, 2008, Planta.
  • Functional characterization of rice OsDof12, 2009, Planta.
  • Epistasis among the three major flowering time genes in rice: coordinate changes of photoperiod sensitivity, basic vegetative growth and optimum photoperiod, 2007, Euphytica.
  • Molecular dissection of the roles of phytochrome in photoperiodic flowering in rice, 2011, Plant Physiol.
  • Ectopic expression of OsLFL1 in rice represses Ehd1 by binding on its promoter, 2007, Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
  • A gene network for long-day flowering activates RFT1 encoding a mobile flowering signal in rice, 2009, Development.
  • OsMADS50 and OsMADS56 function antagonistically in regulating long day LD-dependent flowering in rice, 2009, Plant Cell Environ.
  • Rice Indeterminate 1 OsId1 is necessary for the expression of Ehd1 Early heading date 1 regardless of photoperiod, 2008, Plant J.
  • OsCOL4 is a constitutive flowering repressor upstream of Ehd1 and downstream of OsphyB, 2010, Plant J.
  • Ehd3, encoding a plant homeodomain finger-containing protein, is a critical promoter of rice flowering, 2011, Plant J.
  • Footprints of natural and artificial selection for photoperiod pathway genes in Oryza, 2012, Plant J.
  • LHD1, an allele of DTH8/Ghd8, controls late heading date in common wild rice Oryza rufipogon, 2012, J Integr Plant Biol.
  • Ehd4 encodes a novel and Oryza-genus-specific regulator of photoperiodic flowering in rice, 2013, PLoS Genet.
  • OsELF3-1, an ortholog of Arabidopsis early flowering 3, regulates rice circadian rhythm and photoperiodic flowering, 2012, PLoS One.
  • A major QTL, Ghd8, plays pleiotropic roles in regulating grain productivity, plant height, and heading date in rice, 2011, Mol Plant.
  • A pair of floral regulators sets critical day length for Hd3a florigen expression in rice, 2010, Nat Genet.
  • Flowering time genes Heading date 1 and Early heading date 1 together control panicle development in rice, 2011, Plant Cell Physiol.
  • OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, 2007, Plant Physiol.
  • Ehd2, a rice ortholog of the maize INDETERMINATE1 gene, promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1, 2008, Plant Physiol.
  • Analysis of PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVITY5 sheds light on the role of phytochromes in photoperiodic flowering in rice, 2009, Plant Physiol.
  • DTH8 suppresses flowering in rice, influencing plant height and yield potential simultaneously, 2010, Plant Physiol.
  • Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice, 2009, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
  • OsVIL2 functions with PRC2 to induce flowering by repressing OsLFL1 in rice, 2013, Plant J.
  • Hd16, a gene for casein kinase I, is involved in the control of rice flowering time by modulating the day-length response, 2013, Plant J.
  • Genetic interactions between diverged alleles of Early heading date 1 Ehd1 and Heading date 3a Hd3a/ RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 RFT1 control differential heading and contribute to regional adaptation in rice Oryza sativa., 2015, New Phytol.
  • Both Hd1 and Ehd1 are important for artificial selection of flowering time in cultivated rice., 2015, Plant Sci.
• Genbank accession number
  • AB092506
  • AC027038
  • AB092506
  • AC027038
• Key message
  • Transcript levels of three flowering regulators-Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a-were decreased in these mutants, whereas those of OsGI and Hd1 were unchanged
  • These results indicate that OsMADS51 is a flowering promoter, particularly in SDs, and that this gene functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a
  • To further investigate the relationship with other flowering promoters, we generated transgenic plants in which expression of Ehd1 or OsGI was suppressed
  • In summary, OsMADS51 is a novel flowering promoter that transmits a SD promotion signal from OsGI to Ehd1
  • OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a
  • Ghd7 (Grain number, plant height and heading date 7) was acutely induced when phytochrome signals coincided with a photosensitive phase set differently by distinct photoperiods and this induction repressed Ehd1 the next morning
  • These observations imply that OsMADS50 and OsMADS56 function antagonistically through OsLFL1-Ehd1 in regulating LD-dependent flowering
  • Heading date gene, dth3 controlled late flowering in O. Glaberrima Steud. by down-regulating Ehd1
  • These results provide direct evidence that phytochromes inhibit flowering by affecting both Hd1 and Ehd1 flowering pathways
  • Early heading date1 (Ehd1), an additional rice floral activator, was also highly expressed in the s73 mutant, suggesting that SE5 represses Ehd1 in wild-type plants
  • Since the two genes Se1 (= Hd1) and Ef1 (= Ehd1) are known to up-regulate the rice homolog of Arabidopsis FT, it is suggested that the detected epistasis may respond to diverse environments by modulating the CO/FT system conserved in flowering plants
  • We propose that both positive (OsMADS50 and Ehd1) and negative (Hd1, phyB and Ghd7) regulators of RFT1 form a gene network that regulates LD flowering in rice
  • Among these regulators, Ehd1, a rice-specific floral inducer, integrates multiple pathways to regulate RFT1, leading to flowering under appropriate photoperiod conditions
  • Therefore, two key flowering time genes, Hd1 and Ehd1, can control panicle development in rice; this may affect crop yields in the field through florigen expression in leaf
  • We further revealed that Hd1 and/or Ehd1 caused up-regulation of Terminal Flower 1-like genes and precocious expression of panicle formation-related genes at shoot apical meristems during panicle development
  • OsCOL4 is a constitutive flowering repressor upstream of Ehd1 and downstream of OsphyB
  • The results revealed that the combination of Heading-date 1 (Hd1) and Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) can reduce the number of primary branches in a panicle, resulting in smaller spikelet numbers per panicle; this occurs independently of the control of flowering time
  • By regulating Ehd1, RFT1, and Hd3a, Ghd8 delayed flowering under long-day conditions, but promoted flowering under short-day conditions
  • The comparison of the nucleotide sequences suggested that Ef1 is the same as Early heading date 1 (Ehd1)
  • Increased transcription of Ghd7 under LD conditions and reduced transcription of downstream Ehd1 and FT-like genes in the ehd3 mutants suggested that Ehd3 normally functions as an LD downregulator of Ghd7 in floral induction
  • We examined the footprints of natural and artificial selections for four major genes of the photoperiod pathway, namely PHYTOCHROME B (PhyB), HEADING DATE 1 (Hd1), HEADING DATE 3a (Hd3a), and EARLY HEADING DATE 1 (Ehd1), by investigation of the patterns of nucleotide polymorphisms in cultivated and wild rice
  • Under SD conditions, flowering is promoted through the activation of FT-like genes (rice florigens) by Heading date 1 (Hd1, a rice CONSTANS homolog) and Early heading date 1 (Ehd1, with no ortholog in the Arabidopsis genome)
  • The quantitative real-time PCR assay revealed that DTH8 could down-regulate the transcriptions of Ehd1 (for Early heading date1) and Hd3a (for Heading date3a; a rice ortholog of FLOWERING LOCUS T) under long-day conditions
  • In this study, it was found that the flowering promoting gene Ehd1 and its putative downstream genes were all repressed by OsLFL1
  • On the other hand, under long-day (LD) conditions, flowering is delayed by the repressive function of Hd1 on FT-like genes and by downregulation of Ehd1 by the flowering repressor Ghd7 - a unique pathway in rice
  • Furthermore, Ehd3 ghd7 plants flowered earlier and show higher Ehd1 transcript levels than ehd3 ghd7 plants, suggesting a Ghd7-independent role of Ehd3 in the upregulation of Ehd1
  • We also found that LHD1 could down-regulate the expression of several floral transition activators such as Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions, but not under short-day conditions
  • OsId1 regulates the expression of Ehd1 (Early heading date 1) and its downstream genes, including Hd3a (a rice ortholog of FT) and RFT1 (Rice Flowering Locus T1), under both SD and LD conditions
  • In rice, the expression of Ehd1 is also controlled by the photoperiodic flowering genes OsGI (a rice ortholog of GI) and OsMADS51
  • This study demonstrates that the activation of Ehd1 by OsId1 is required for the promotion of flowering
  • In addition, OsELF3-1 is involved in blue light signaling by activating early heading date 1 (Ehd1) expression to promote rice flowering under short-day (SD) conditions
  • Here, we report isolation and characterization of a positive regulator of Ehd1, Early heading date 4 (Ehd4)
  • Ehd1 and Hd3a can also be down-regulated by the photoperiodic flowering genes Ghd7 and Hd1 (a rice ortholog of CONSTANS)
  • Thus, two distinct gating mechanisms–of the floral promoter Ehd1 and the floral repressor Ghd7–could enable manipulation of slight differences in day length to control Hd3a transcription with a critical day-length threshold
  • Here, we report that the rice Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) gene, which confers SD promotion of flowering in the absence of a functional allele of Hd1, encodes a B-type response regulator that might not have an ortholog in the Arabidopsis genome
  • Ehd1 mRNA was induced by 1-wk SD treatment, and Ehd1 may promote flowering by inducing FT-like gene expression only under SD conditions
  • Ehd1, a B-type response regulator in rice, confers short-day promotion of flowering and controls FT-like gene expression independently of Hd1
  • As observed from osvil2, a null mutation of OsEMF2b caused late flowering by increasing OsLFL1 expression and decreasing Ehd1 expression
  • In addition, expression of the Hd3a and Rice Flowering-locus T 1 (RFT1) florigen genes was up-regulated in leaves of the Hd1 Ehd1 line at the time of the floral transition
  • To assign the position of Ehd2 within the flowering pathway of rice, we compared transcript levels of previously isolated flowering-time genes, such as Ehd1, a member of the unique pathway, Hd3a, and Rice FT-like1 (RFT1; rice florigens), between the wild-type plants and the ehd2 mutants
  • Severely reduced expression of these genes in ehd2 under both short- and long-day conditions suggests that Ehd2 acts as a flowering promoter mainly by up-regulating Ehd1 and by up-regulating the downstream Hd3a and RFT1 genes in the unique genetic network of photoperiodic flowering in rice
  • Ehd2, a rice ortholog of the maize INDETERMINATE1 gene, promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1
  • We also found that the type of Hd3a promoter and the level of Ehd1 expression contribute to the diversity in flowering time and Hd3a expression level
  • Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice
  • Knockdown of OsSAMS1, 2 and 3 led to distinguished late flowering and greatly reduced the expression of the flowering key genes, Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), Hd3a and RFT1 (rice FT-like genes)
  • Rice Indeterminate 1 (OsId1) is necessary for the expression of Ehd1 (Early heading date 1) regardless of photoperiod
  • We grew four rice lines having different flowering time genotypes (hd1 ehd1, hd1 Ehd1, Hd1 ehd1 and Hd1 Ehd1) under distinct photoperiod conditions
  • This indicates that LHD1 may delay flowering by repressing the expression of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions
  • However, in rice, there is a unique Ehd1-dependent flowering pathway that is Hd1-independent
  • We conclude that Ehd4 is a novel Oryza-genus-specific regulator of Ehd1, and it plays an essential role in photoperiodic control of flowering time in rice
  • The expression of Hd3a and FTL decreased in these transgenic plants, whereas the expression of Hd1, Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), OsMADS51, and OsMADS50 did not significantly change
  • Hd3a expression is induced by Ehd1 (Early heading date 1) expression when blue light coincides with the morning phase set by OsGIGANTEA(OsGI)-dependent circadian clocks
  • The Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) which promotes the RFT1, was up-regulated by DTH3 in both LD and SD conditions
  • We identified a nonfunctional RFT1 allele (rft1); the lines carrying homozygous ehd1 and Hd3a/rft1 failed to induce the floral transition under SD and LD conditions
  • Both Hd1 and Ehd1 are important for artificial selection of flowering time in cultivated rice.
  • Both Hd1 and Ehd1 may be important during artificial selection for flowering time, especially in a subtropical region such as Taiwan
• Connection
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, Knockdown of SAMS genes encoding S-adenosyl-l-methionine synthetases causes methylation alterations of DNAs and histones and leads to late flowering in rice, Knockdown of OsSAMS1, 2 and 3 led to distinguished late flowering and greatly reduced the expression of the flowering key genes, Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), Hd3a and RFT1 (rice FT-like genes)
  • Ehd1, RFT1, Knockdown of SAMS genes encoding S-adenosyl-l-methionine synthetases causes methylation alterations of DNAs and histones and leads to late flowering in rice, Knockdown of OsSAMS1, 2 and 3 led to distinguished late flowering and greatly reduced the expression of the flowering key genes, Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), Hd3a and RFT1 (rice FT-like genes)
  • Ehd1, OsSAMS1, Knockdown of SAMS genes encoding S-adenosyl-l-methionine synthetases causes methylation alterations of DNAs and histones and leads to late flowering in rice, Knockdown of OsSAMS1, 2 and 3 led to distinguished late flowering and greatly reduced the expression of the flowering key genes, Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), Hd3a and RFT1 (rice FT-like genes)
  • Ehd1, OsMADS50~OsSOC1~DTH3, Heading date gene, dth3 controlled late flowering in O. Glaberrima Steud. by down-regulating Ehd1, The Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) which promotes the RFT1, was up-regulated by DTH3 in both LD and SD conditions
  • Ehd1, OsMADS50~OsSOC1~DTH3, Heading date gene, dth3 controlled late flowering in O. Glaberrima Steud. by down-regulating Ehd1, Heading date gene, dth3 controlled late flowering in O. Glaberrima Steud. by down-regulating Ehd1
  • Ehd1, RFT1, Heading date gene, dth3 controlled late flowering in O. Glaberrima Steud. by down-regulating Ehd1, The Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) which promotes the RFT1, was up-regulated by DTH3 in both LD and SD conditions
  • Ehd1, OsMADS50~OsSOC1~DTH3, OsCO3, a CONSTANS-LIKE gene, controls flowering by negatively regulating the expression of FT-like genes under SD conditions in rice, The expression of Hd3a and FTL decreased in these transgenic plants, whereas the expression of Hd1, Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), OsMADS51, and OsMADS50 did not significantly change
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, OsCO3, a CONSTANS-LIKE gene, controls flowering by negatively regulating the expression of FT-like genes under SD conditions in rice, The expression of Hd3a and FTL decreased in these transgenic plants, whereas the expression of Hd1, Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), OsMADS51, and OsMADS50 did not significantly change
  • Ehd1, Hd1, OsCO3, a CONSTANS-LIKE gene, controls flowering by negatively regulating the expression of FT-like genes under SD conditions in rice, The expression of Hd3a and FTL decreased in these transgenic plants, whereas the expression of Hd1, Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), OsMADS51, and OsMADS50 did not significantly change
  • Ehd1, OsMADS51~OsMADS65, OsCO3, a CONSTANS-LIKE gene, controls flowering by negatively regulating the expression of FT-like genes under SD conditions in rice, The expression of Hd3a and FTL decreased in these transgenic plants, whereas the expression of Hd1, Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), OsMADS51, and OsMADS50 did not significantly change
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Functional characterization of rice OsDof12, In transgenic lines overexpressing OsDof12, the transcription levels of Hd3a and OsMADS14 were up-regulated under LD conditions but not SD conditions, whereas the expression of Hd1, OsMADS51, Ehd1 and OsGI did not change under LD and SD conditions
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, Functional characterization of rice OsDof12, In transgenic lines overexpressing OsDof12, the transcription levels of Hd3a and OsMADS14 were up-regulated under LD conditions but not SD conditions, whereas the expression of Hd1, OsMADS51, Ehd1 and OsGI did not change under LD and SD conditions
  • Ehd1, OsMADS14, Functional characterization of rice OsDof12, In transgenic lines overexpressing OsDof12, the transcription levels of Hd3a and OsMADS14 were up-regulated under LD conditions but not SD conditions, whereas the expression of Hd1, OsMADS51, Ehd1 and OsGI did not change under LD and SD conditions
  • Ehd1, OsDof12~OsCDF1, Functional characterization of rice OsDof12, In transgenic lines overexpressing OsDof12, the transcription levels of Hd3a and OsMADS14 were up-regulated under LD conditions but not SD conditions, whereas the expression of Hd1, OsMADS51, Ehd1 and OsGI did not change under LD and SD conditions
  • Ehd1, OsGI, Functional characterization of rice OsDof12, In transgenic lines overexpressing OsDof12, the transcription levels of Hd3a and OsMADS14 were up-regulated under LD conditions but not SD conditions, whereas the expression of Hd1, OsMADS51, Ehd1 and OsGI did not change under LD and SD conditions
  • Ehd1, OsMADS51~OsMADS65, Functional characterization of rice OsDof12, In transgenic lines overexpressing OsDof12, the transcription levels of Hd3a and OsMADS14 were up-regulated under LD conditions but not SD conditions, whereas the expression of Hd1, OsMADS51, Ehd1 and OsGI did not change under LD and SD conditions
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Epistasis among the three major flowering time genes in rice: coordinate changes of photoperiod sensitivity, basic vegetative growth and optimum photoperiod, Since the two genes Se1 (= Hd1) and Ef1 (= Ehd1) are known to up-regulate the rice homolog of Arabidopsis FT, it is suggested that the detected epistasis may respond to diverse environments by modulating the CO/FT system conserved in flowering plants
  • Ehd1, OsLFL1, Ectopic expression of OsLFL1 in rice represses Ehd1 by binding on its promoter, In this study, it was found that the flowering promoting gene Ehd1 and its putative downstream genes were all repressed by OsLFL1
  • Ehd1, OsLFL1, Ectopic expression of OsLFL1 in rice represses Ehd1 by binding on its promoter, Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses suggest that OsLFL1 binds to the RY cis-elements (CATGCATG) in the promoter of the Ehd1 gene
  • Ehd1, OsLFL1, Ectopic expression of OsLFL1 in rice represses Ehd1 by binding on its promoter, Thus, ectopically expressed OsLFL1 might repress Ehd1 via binding directly to the RY cis-elements in its promoter
  • Ehd1, OsLFL1, Ectopic expression of OsLFL1 in rice represses Ehd1 by binding on its promoter, Ectopic expression of OsLFL1 in rice represses Ehd1 by binding on its promoter
  • Ehd1, Hd1, A gene network for long-day flowering activates RFT1 encoding a mobile flowering signal in rice, We propose that both positive (OsMADS50 and Ehd1) and negative (Hd1, phyB and Ghd7) regulators of RFT1 form a gene network that regulates LD flowering in rice
  • Ehd1, Ghd7, A gene network for long-day flowering activates RFT1 encoding a mobile flowering signal in rice, We propose that both positive (OsMADS50 and Ehd1) and negative (Hd1, phyB and Ghd7) regulators of RFT1 form a gene network that regulates LD flowering in rice
  • Ehd1, RFT1, A gene network for long-day flowering activates RFT1 encoding a mobile flowering signal in rice, We propose that both positive (OsMADS50 and Ehd1) and negative (Hd1, phyB and Ghd7) regulators of RFT1 form a gene network that regulates LD flowering in rice
  • Ehd1, RFT1, A gene network for long-day flowering activates RFT1 encoding a mobile flowering signal in rice, Among these regulators, Ehd1, a rice-specific floral inducer, integrates multiple pathways to regulate RFT1, leading to flowering under appropriate photoperiod conditions
  • Ehd1, OsMADS50~OsSOC1~DTH3, A gene network for long-day flowering activates RFT1 encoding a mobile flowering signal in rice, We propose that both positive (OsMADS50 and Ehd1) and negative (Hd1, phyB and Ghd7) regulators of RFT1 form a gene network that regulates LD flowering in rice
  • Ehd1, PHYB~OsphyB, A gene network for long-day flowering activates RFT1 encoding a mobile flowering signal in rice, We propose that both positive (OsMADS50 and Ehd1) and negative (Hd1, phyB and Ghd7) regulators of RFT1 form a gene network that regulates LD flowering in rice
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, OsMADS50 and OsMADS56 function antagonistically in regulating long day LD-dependent flowering in rice, In the osmads50 mutants and 56OX transgenic plants, transcripts of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 were reduced, although that of OsLFL1 increased
  • Ehd1, OsLFL1, OsMADS50 and OsMADS56 function antagonistically in regulating long day LD-dependent flowering in rice, In the osmads50 mutants and 56OX transgenic plants, transcripts of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 were reduced, although that of OsLFL1 increased
  • Ehd1, OsLFL1, OsMADS50 and OsMADS56 function antagonistically in regulating long day LD-dependent flowering in rice, These observations imply that OsMADS50 and OsMADS56 function antagonistically through OsLFL1-Ehd1 in regulating LD-dependent flowering
  • Ehd1, OsMADS50~OsSOC1~DTH3, OsMADS50 and OsMADS56 function antagonistically in regulating long day LD-dependent flowering in rice, In the osmads50 mutants and 56OX transgenic plants, transcripts of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 were reduced, although that of OsLFL1 increased
  • Ehd1, OsMADS50~OsSOC1~DTH3, OsMADS50 and OsMADS56 function antagonistically in regulating long day LD-dependent flowering in rice, These observations imply that OsMADS50 and OsMADS56 function antagonistically through OsLFL1-Ehd1 in regulating LD-dependent flowering
  • Ehd1, RFT1, OsMADS50 and OsMADS56 function antagonistically in regulating long day LD-dependent flowering in rice, In the osmads50 mutants and 56OX transgenic plants, transcripts of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 were reduced, although that of OsLFL1 increased
  • Ehd1, OsMADS56, OsMADS50 and OsMADS56 function antagonistically in regulating long day LD-dependent flowering in rice, These observations imply that OsMADS50 and OsMADS56 function antagonistically through OsLFL1-Ehd1 in regulating LD-dependent flowering
  • Ehd1, OsMADS51~OsMADS65, Rice Indeterminate 1 OsId1 is necessary for the expression of Ehd1 Early heading date 1 regardless of photoperiod, In rice, the expression of Ehd1 is also controlled by the photoperiodic flowering genes OsGI (a rice ortholog of GI) and OsMADS51
  • Ehd1, RFT1, Rice Indeterminate 1 OsId1 is necessary for the expression of Ehd1 Early heading date 1 regardless of photoperiod, OsId1 regulates the expression of Ehd1 (Early heading date 1) and its downstream genes, including Hd3a (a rice ortholog of FT) and RFT1 (Rice Flowering Locus T1), under both SD and LD conditions
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, OsCOL4 is a constitutive flowering repressor upstream of Ehd1 and downstream of OsphyB, Transcripts of Ehd1, Hd3a, and RFT1 were increased in the oscol4 mutants, but reduced in the OsCOL4-D mutants
  • Ehd1, PHYB~OsphyB, OsCOL4 is a constitutive flowering repressor upstream of Ehd1 and downstream of OsphyB, These pathways are: (i) night break-sensitive, which does not need OsCOL4; and (ii) night break-insensitive, in which OsCOL4 functions between OsphyB and Ehd1
  • Ehd1, PHYB~OsphyB, OsCOL4 is a constitutive flowering repressor upstream of Ehd1 and downstream of OsphyB, OsCOL4 is a constitutive flowering repressor upstream of Ehd1 and downstream of OsphyB
  • Ehd1, RFT1, OsCOL4 is a constitutive flowering repressor upstream of Ehd1 and downstream of OsphyB, Transcripts of Ehd1, Hd3a, and RFT1 were increased in the oscol4 mutants, but reduced in the OsCOL4-D mutants
  • Ehd1, OsCOL4, OsCOL4 is a constitutive flowering repressor upstream of Ehd1 and downstream of OsphyB, Transcripts of Ehd1, Hd3a, and RFT1 were increased in the oscol4 mutants, but reduced in the OsCOL4-D mutants
  • Ehd1, OsCOL4, OsCOL4 is a constitutive flowering repressor upstream of Ehd1 and downstream of OsphyB, This finding indicates that OsCOL4 is a constitutive repressor functioning upstream of Ehd1
  • Ehd1, OsCOL4, OsCOL4 is a constitutive flowering repressor upstream of Ehd1 and downstream of OsphyB, These pathways are: (i) night break-sensitive, which does not need OsCOL4; and (ii) night break-insensitive, in which OsCOL4 functions between OsphyB and Ehd1
  • Ehd1, OsCOL4, OsCOL4 is a constitutive flowering repressor upstream of Ehd1 and downstream of OsphyB, OsCOL4 is a constitutive flowering repressor upstream of Ehd1 and downstream of OsphyB
  • Ehd1, Ghd7, Ehd3, encoding a plant homeodomain finger-containing protein, is a critical promoter of rice flowering, On the other hand, under long-day (LD) conditions, flowering is delayed by the repressive function of Hd1 on FT-like genes and by downregulation of Ehd1 by the flowering repressor Ghd7 - a unique pathway in rice
  • Ehd1, Ghd7, Ehd3, encoding a plant homeodomain finger-containing protein, is a critical promoter of rice flowering, Increased transcription of Ghd7 under LD conditions and reduced transcription of downstream Ehd1 and FT-like genes in the ehd3 mutants suggested that Ehd3 normally functions as an LD downregulator of Ghd7 in floral induction
  • Ehd1, Ghd7, Ehd3, encoding a plant homeodomain finger-containing protein, is a critical promoter of rice flowering, Furthermore, Ehd3 ghd7 plants flowered earlier and show higher Ehd1 transcript levels than ehd3 ghd7 plants, suggesting a Ghd7-independent role of Ehd3 in the upregulation of Ehd1
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Ehd3, encoding a plant homeodomain finger-containing protein, is a critical promoter of rice flowering, Under SD conditions, flowering is promoted through the activation of FT-like genes (rice florigens) by Heading date 1 (Hd1, a rice CONSTANS homolog) and Early heading date 1 (Ehd1, with no ortholog in the Arabidopsis genome)
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Ehd3, encoding a plant homeodomain finger-containing protein, is a critical promoter of rice flowering, On the other hand, under long-day (LD) conditions, flowering is delayed by the repressive function of Hd1 on FT-like genes and by downregulation of Ehd1 by the flowering repressor Ghd7 - a unique pathway in rice
  • Ehd1, Ehd3, Ehd3, encoding a plant homeodomain finger-containing protein, is a critical promoter of rice flowering, Increased transcription of Ghd7 under LD conditions and reduced transcription of downstream Ehd1 and FT-like genes in the ehd3 mutants suggested that Ehd3 normally functions as an LD downregulator of Ghd7 in floral induction
  • Ehd1, Ehd3, Ehd3, encoding a plant homeodomain finger-containing protein, is a critical promoter of rice flowering, Furthermore, Ehd3 ghd7 plants flowered earlier and show higher Ehd1 transcript levels than ehd3 ghd7 plants, suggesting a Ghd7-independent role of Ehd3 in the upregulation of Ehd1
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Footprints of natural and artificial selection for photoperiod pathway genes in Oryza, We examined the footprints of natural and artificial selections for four major genes of the photoperiod pathway, namely PHYTOCHROME B (PhyB), HEADING DATE 1 (Hd1), HEADING DATE 3a (Hd3a), and EARLY HEADING DATE 1 (Ehd1), by investigation of the patterns of nucleotide polymorphisms in cultivated and wild rice
  • Ehd1, PHYB~OsphyB, Footprints of natural and artificial selection for photoperiod pathway genes in Oryza, We examined the footprints of natural and artificial selections for four major genes of the photoperiod pathway, namely PHYTOCHROME B (PhyB), HEADING DATE 1 (Hd1), HEADING DATE 3a (Hd3a), and EARLY HEADING DATE 1 (Ehd1), by investigation of the patterns of nucleotide polymorphisms in cultivated and wild rice
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, Footprints of natural and artificial selection for photoperiod pathway genes in Oryza, We examined the footprints of natural and artificial selections for four major genes of the photoperiod pathway, namely PHYTOCHROME B (PhyB), HEADING DATE 1 (Hd1), HEADING DATE 3a (Hd3a), and EARLY HEADING DATE 1 (Ehd1), by investigation of the patterns of nucleotide polymorphisms in cultivated and wild rice
  • Ehd1, Hd5~DTH8~Ghd8~OsHAP3H~LHD1~EF8~CAR8~OsNF-YB11, LHD1, an allele of DTH8/Ghd8, controls late heading date in common wild rice Oryza rufipogon, We also found that LHD1 could down-regulate the expression of several floral transition activators such as Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions, but not under short-day conditions
  • Ehd1, Hd5~DTH8~Ghd8~OsHAP3H~LHD1~EF8~CAR8~OsNF-YB11, LHD1, an allele of DTH8/Ghd8, controls late heading date in common wild rice Oryza rufipogon, This indicates that LHD1 may delay flowering by repressing the expression of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions
  • Ehd1, RFT1, LHD1, an allele of DTH8/Ghd8, controls late heading date in common wild rice Oryza rufipogon, We also found that LHD1 could down-regulate the expression of several floral transition activators such as Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions, but not under short-day conditions
  • Ehd1, RFT1, LHD1, an allele of DTH8/Ghd8, controls late heading date in common wild rice Oryza rufipogon, This indicates that LHD1 may delay flowering by repressing the expression of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, LHD1, an allele of DTH8/Ghd8, controls late heading date in common wild rice Oryza rufipogon, We also found that LHD1 could down-regulate the expression of several floral transition activators such as Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions, but not under short-day conditions
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, LHD1, an allele of DTH8/Ghd8, controls late heading date in common wild rice Oryza rufipogon, This indicates that LHD1 may delay flowering by repressing the expression of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, Ehd4 encodes a novel and Oryza-genus-specific regulator of photoperiodic flowering in rice, We show that Ehd4 up-regulates the expression of the “florigen” genes Hd3a and RFT1 through Ehd1, but it acts independently of other known Ehd1 regulators
  • Ehd1, Ehd4, Ehd4 encodes a novel and Oryza-genus-specific regulator of photoperiodic flowering in rice, Here, we report isolation and characterization of a positive regulator of Ehd1, Early heading date 4 (Ehd4)
  • Ehd1, Ehd4, Ehd4 encodes a novel and Oryza-genus-specific regulator of photoperiodic flowering in rice, Ehd4 expression is most active in young leaves with a diurnal expression pattern similar to that of Ehd1 under both short-day and long-day conditions
  • Ehd1, Ehd4, Ehd4 encodes a novel and Oryza-genus-specific regulator of photoperiodic flowering in rice, We show that Ehd4 up-regulates the expression of the “florigen” genes Hd3a and RFT1 through Ehd1, but it acts independently of other known Ehd1 regulators
  • Ehd1, Ehd4, Ehd4 encodes a novel and Oryza-genus-specific regulator of photoperiodic flowering in rice, We conclude that Ehd4 is a novel Oryza-genus-specific regulator of Ehd1, and it plays an essential role in photoperiodic control of flowering time in rice
  • Ehd1, RFT1, Ehd4 encodes a novel and Oryza-genus-specific regulator of photoperiodic flowering in rice, We show that Ehd4 up-regulates the expression of the “florigen” genes Hd3a and RFT1 through Ehd1, but it acts independently of other known Ehd1 regulators
  • Ehd1, Hd17~Ef7~OsELF3-1~OsELF3.1, OsELF3-1, an ortholog of Arabidopsis early flowering 3, regulates rice circadian rhythm and photoperiodic flowering, In addition, OsELF3-1 is involved in blue light signaling by activating early heading date 1 (Ehd1) expression to promote rice flowering under short-day (SD) conditions
  • Ehd1, Hd5~DTH8~Ghd8~OsHAP3H~LHD1~EF8~CAR8~OsNF-YB11, A major QTL, Ghd8, plays pleiotropic roles in regulating grain productivity, plant height, and heading date in rice, By regulating Ehd1, RFT1, and Hd3a, Ghd8 delayed flowering under long-day conditions, but promoted flowering under short-day conditions
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, A major QTL, Ghd8, plays pleiotropic roles in regulating grain productivity, plant height, and heading date in rice, By regulating Ehd1, RFT1, and Hd3a, Ghd8 delayed flowering under long-day conditions, but promoted flowering under short-day conditions
  • Ehd1, RFT1, A major QTL, Ghd8, plays pleiotropic roles in regulating grain productivity, plant height, and heading date in rice, By regulating Ehd1, RFT1, and Hd3a, Ghd8 delayed flowering under long-day conditions, but promoted flowering under short-day conditions
  • Ehd1, Ghd7, A pair of floral regulators sets critical day length for Hd3a florigen expression in rice, Ghd7 (Grain number, plant height and heading date 7) was acutely induced when phytochrome signals coincided with a photosensitive phase set differently by distinct photoperiods and this induction repressed Ehd1 the next morning
  • Ehd1, Ghd7, A pair of floral regulators sets critical day length for Hd3a florigen expression in rice, Thus, two distinct gating mechanisms–of the floral promoter Ehd1 and the floral repressor Ghd7–could enable manipulation of slight differences in day length to control Hd3a transcription with a critical day-length threshold
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, A pair of floral regulators sets critical day length for Hd3a florigen expression in rice, Hd3a expression is induced by Ehd1 (Early heading date 1) expression when blue light coincides with the morning phase set by OsGIGANTEA(OsGI)-dependent circadian clocks
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, A pair of floral regulators sets critical day length for Hd3a florigen expression in rice, Thus, two distinct gating mechanisms–of the floral promoter Ehd1 and the floral repressor Ghd7–could enable manipulation of slight differences in day length to control Hd3a transcription with a critical day-length threshold
  • Ehd1, OsGI, A pair of floral regulators sets critical day length for Hd3a florigen expression in rice, Hd3a expression is induced by Ehd1 (Early heading date 1) expression when blue light coincides with the morning phase set by OsGIGANTEA(OsGI)-dependent circadian clocks
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Flowering time genes Heading date 1 and Early heading date 1 together control panicle development in rice, We grew four rice lines having different flowering time genotypes (hd1 ehd1, hd1 Ehd1, Hd1 ehd1 and Hd1 Ehd1) under distinct photoperiod conditions
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Flowering time genes Heading date 1 and Early heading date 1 together control panicle development in rice, The results revealed that the combination of Heading-date 1 (Hd1) and Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) can reduce the number of primary branches in a panicle, resulting in smaller spikelet numbers per panicle; this occurs independently of the control of flowering time
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Flowering time genes Heading date 1 and Early heading date 1 together control panicle development in rice, In addition, expression of the Hd3a and Rice Flowering-locus T 1 (RFT1) florigen genes was up-regulated in leaves of the Hd1 Ehd1 line at the time of the floral transition
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Flowering time genes Heading date 1 and Early heading date 1 together control panicle development in rice, We further revealed that Hd1 and/or Ehd1 caused up-regulation of Terminal Flower 1-like genes and precocious expression of panicle formation-related genes at shoot apical meristems during panicle development
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Flowering time genes Heading date 1 and Early heading date 1 together control panicle development in rice, Therefore, two key flowering time genes, Hd1 and Ehd1, can control panicle development in rice; this may affect crop yields in the field through florigen expression in leaf
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, Flowering time genes Heading date 1 and Early heading date 1 together control panicle development in rice, In addition, expression of the Hd3a and Rice Flowering-locus T 1 (RFT1) florigen genes was up-regulated in leaves of the Hd1 Ehd1 line at the time of the floral transition
  • Ehd1, RFT1, Flowering time genes Heading date 1 and Early heading date 1 together control panicle development in rice, In addition, expression of the Hd3a and Rice Flowering-locus T 1 (RFT1) florigen genes was up-regulated in leaves of the Hd1 Ehd1 line at the time of the floral transition
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, Transcript levels of three flowering regulators-Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a-were decreased in these mutants, whereas those of OsGI and Hd1 were unchanged
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, In ectopic expression lines, transcript levels of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a were increased, but those of OsGI and Hd1 remained the same
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, These results indicate that OsMADS51 is a flowering promoter, particularly in SDs, and that this gene functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a
  • Ehd1, OsGI, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, Transcript levels of three flowering regulators-Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a-were decreased in these mutants, whereas those of OsGI and Hd1 were unchanged
  • Ehd1, OsGI, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, In ectopic expression lines, transcript levels of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a were increased, but those of OsGI and Hd1 remained the same
  • Ehd1, OsGI, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, To further investigate the relationship with other flowering promoters, we generated transgenic plants in which expression of Ehd1 or OsGI was suppressed
  • Ehd1, OsGI, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, In summary, OsMADS51 is a novel flowering promoter that transmits a SD promotion signal from OsGI to Ehd1
  • Ehd1, OsMADS14, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, Transcript levels of three flowering regulators-Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a-were decreased in these mutants, whereas those of OsGI and Hd1 were unchanged
  • Ehd1, OsMADS14, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, In ectopic expression lines, transcript levels of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a were increased, but those of OsGI and Hd1 remained the same
  • Ehd1, OsMADS14, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, These results indicate that OsMADS51 is a flowering promoter, particularly in SDs, and that this gene functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a
  • Ehd1, OsMADS14, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a
  • Ehd1, OsMADS51~OsMADS65, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, These results indicate that OsMADS51 is a flowering promoter, particularly in SDs, and that this gene functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a
  • Ehd1, OsMADS51~OsMADS65, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, In Ehd1 RNA interference plants, OsMADS51 expression was not affected, supporting our conclusion that the MADS-box gene functions upstream of Ehd1
  • Ehd1, OsMADS51~OsMADS65, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, In summary, OsMADS51 is a novel flowering promoter that transmits a SD promotion signal from OsGI to Ehd1
  • Ehd1, OsMADS51~OsMADS65, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, Ehd2, a rice ortholog of the maize INDETERMINATE1 gene, promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1, To assign the position of Ehd2 within the flowering pathway of rice, we compared transcript levels of previously isolated flowering-time genes, such as Ehd1, a member of the unique pathway, Hd3a, and Rice FT-like1 (RFT1; rice florigens), between the wild-type plants and the ehd2 mutants
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, Ehd2, a rice ortholog of the maize INDETERMINATE1 gene, promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1, Severely reduced expression of these genes in ehd2 under both short- and long-day conditions suggests that Ehd2 acts as a flowering promoter mainly by up-regulating Ehd1 and by up-regulating the downstream Hd3a and RFT1 genes in the unique genetic network of photoperiodic flowering in rice
  • Ehd1, RFT1, Ehd2, a rice ortholog of the maize INDETERMINATE1 gene, promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1, To assign the position of Ehd2 within the flowering pathway of rice, we compared transcript levels of previously isolated flowering-time genes, such as Ehd1, a member of the unique pathway, Hd3a, and Rice FT-like1 (RFT1; rice florigens), between the wild-type plants and the ehd2 mutants
  • Ehd1, RFT1, Ehd2, a rice ortholog of the maize INDETERMINATE1 gene, promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1, Severely reduced expression of these genes in ehd2 under both short- and long-day conditions suggests that Ehd2 acts as a flowering promoter mainly by up-regulating Ehd1 and by up-regulating the downstream Hd3a and RFT1 genes in the unique genetic network of photoperiodic flowering in rice
  • Ehd1, Ehd2~RID1, Ehd2, a rice ortholog of the maize INDETERMINATE1 gene, promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1, To assign the position of Ehd2 within the flowering pathway of rice, we compared transcript levels of previously isolated flowering-time genes, such as Ehd1, a member of the unique pathway, Hd3a, and Rice FT-like1 (RFT1; rice florigens), between the wild-type plants and the ehd2 mutants
  • Ehd1, Ehd2~RID1, Ehd2, a rice ortholog of the maize INDETERMINATE1 gene, promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1, Severely reduced expression of these genes in ehd2 under both short- and long-day conditions suggests that Ehd2 acts as a flowering promoter mainly by up-regulating Ehd1 and by up-regulating the downstream Hd3a and RFT1 genes in the unique genetic network of photoperiodic flowering in rice
  • Ehd1, Ehd2~RID1, Ehd2, a rice ortholog of the maize INDETERMINATE1 gene, promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1, Ehd2, a rice ortholog of the maize INDETERMINATE1 gene, promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1
  • Ehd1, Se5~OsHY1~OsHO1~YGL2, Analysis of PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVITY5 sheds light on the role of phytochromes in photoperiodic flowering in rice, Early heading date1 (Ehd1), an additional rice floral activator, was also highly expressed in the s73 mutant, suggesting that SE5 represses Ehd1 in wild-type plants
  • Ehd1, Se5~OsHY1~OsHO1~YGL2, Analysis of PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVITY5 sheds light on the role of phytochromes in photoperiodic flowering in rice, Silencing of Ehd1 in both Bahia and s73 backgrounds indicated that SE5 regulates Ehd1 expression
  • Ehd1, Hd5~DTH8~Ghd8~OsHAP3H~LHD1~EF8~CAR8~OsNF-YB11, DTH8 suppresses flowering in rice, influencing plant height and yield potential simultaneously, The quantitative real-time PCR assay revealed that DTH8 could down-regulate the transcriptions of Ehd1 (for Early heading date1) and Hd3a (for Heading date3a; a rice ortholog of FLOWERING LOCUS T) under long-day conditions
  • Ehd1, Ghd7, DTH8 suppresses flowering in rice, influencing plant height and yield potential simultaneously, Ehd1 and Hd3a can also be down-regulated by the photoperiodic flowering genes Ghd7 and Hd1 (a rice ortholog of CONSTANS)
  • Ehd1, Hd1, DTH8 suppresses flowering in rice, influencing plant height and yield potential simultaneously, Ehd1 and Hd3a can also be down-regulated by the photoperiodic flowering genes Ghd7 and Hd1 (a rice ortholog of CONSTANS)
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, DTH8 suppresses flowering in rice, influencing plant height and yield potential simultaneously, The quantitative real-time PCR assay revealed that DTH8 could down-regulate the transcriptions of Ehd1 (for Early heading date1) and Hd3a (for Heading date3a; a rice ortholog of FLOWERING LOCUS T) under long-day conditions
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, DTH8 suppresses flowering in rice, influencing plant height and yield potential simultaneously, Ehd1 and Hd3a can also be down-regulated by the photoperiodic flowering genes Ghd7 and Hd1 (a rice ortholog of CONSTANS)
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice, We also found that the type of Hd3a promoter and the level of Ehd1 expression contribute to the diversity in flowering time and Hd3a expression level
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice, Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice, We also found that the type of Hd3a promoter and the level of Ehd1 expression contribute to the diversity in flowering time and Hd3a expression level
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice, Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, OsVIL2 functions with PRC2 to induce flowering by repressing OsLFL1 in rice, In osvil2 mutants OsLFL1 expression was increased, but that of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 was reduced
  • Ehd1, OsEMF2b, OsVIL2 functions with PRC2 to induce flowering by repressing OsLFL1 in rice, As observed from osvil2, a null mutation of OsEMF2b caused late flowering by increasing OsLFL1 expression and decreasing Ehd1 expression
  • Ehd1, OsLFL1, OsVIL2 functions with PRC2 to induce flowering by repressing OsLFL1 in rice, In osvil2 mutants OsLFL1 expression was increased, but that of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 was reduced
  • Ehd1, OsLFL1, OsVIL2 functions with PRC2 to induce flowering by repressing OsLFL1 in rice, As observed from osvil2, a null mutation of OsEMF2b caused late flowering by increasing OsLFL1 expression and decreasing Ehd1 expression
  • Ehd1, OsVIL2, OsVIL2 functions with PRC2 to induce flowering by repressing OsLFL1 in rice, In osvil2 mutants OsLFL1 expression was increased, but that of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 was reduced
  • Ehd1, OsVIL2, OsVIL2 functions with PRC2 to induce flowering by repressing OsLFL1 in rice, As observed from osvil2, a null mutation of OsEMF2b caused late flowering by increasing OsLFL1 expression and decreasing Ehd1 expression
  • Ehd1, RFT1, OsVIL2 functions with PRC2 to induce flowering by repressing OsLFL1 in rice, In osvil2 mutants OsLFL1 expression was increased, but that of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 was reduced
  • CKI~EL1~Hd16, Ehd1, Hd16, a gene for casein kinase I, is involved in the control of rice flowering time by modulating the day-length response, In a near-isogenic line with the weak-photoperiod-sensitivity allele of Hd16, transcription levels of Ehd1, Hd3a, and RFT1 increased under long-day conditions, and transcription levels of Hd3a and RFT1 decreased under short-day conditions
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, Hd16, a gene for casein kinase I, is involved in the control of rice flowering time by modulating the day-length response, In a near-isogenic line with the weak-photoperiod-sensitivity allele of Hd16, transcription levels of Ehd1, Hd3a, and RFT1 increased under long-day conditions, and transcription levels of Hd3a and RFT1 decreased under short-day conditions
  • Ehd1, RFT1, Hd16, a gene for casein kinase I, is involved in the control of rice flowering time by modulating the day-length response, In a near-isogenic line with the weak-photoperiod-sensitivity allele of Hd16, transcription levels of Ehd1, Hd3a, and RFT1 increased under long-day conditions, and transcription levels of Hd3a and RFT1 decreased under short-day conditions
  • Ehd1, OsCLF~SDG711, , SDG711 was also found to be involved in the repression of Ehd1 in LD.
  • Ehd1, OsCLF~SDG711, , SDG711 was shown to directly target to OsLF and Ehd1 loci to mediate H3K27me3 and gene repression.
  • Ehd1, Ghd7.1~Hd2~OsPRR37~DTH7, Days to heading 7, a major quantitative locus determining photoperiod sensitivity and regional adaptation in rice., We show that in long days DTH7 acts downstream of the photoreceptor phytochrome B to repress the expression of Ehd1, an up-regulator of the "florigen" genes (Hd3a and RFT1), leading to delayed flowering
  • Ehd1, OsCCT01, Three CCT domain-containing genes were identified to regulate heading date by candidate gene-based association mapping and transformation in rice., The overexpression of OsCCT01 delayed flowering through suppressing the expression of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 under both long day and short day conditions
  • Ehd1, MRG702, MRG702, a reader protein of H3K4me3 and H3K36me3, is involved in brassinosteroid-regulated growth and flowering time control in rice., Gene transcription analyses showed that MRG702 knock-down resulted in the down-regulation of BR-related genes, including D11, BRI1, and BU1, and several flowering genes including Ehd1, Ehd2/OsID1/RID1, Ehd3,OsMADS50, Hd3a, and RFT1
  • Ehd1, FKF1~OsFKF1, Rice FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1 OsFKF1 promotes flowering independent of photoperiod., Transcriptional analysis revealed that OsFKF1 up-regulates expression of the floral activator Ehd2 and down-regulates expression of the floral repressor Ghd7; these regulators up- and down-regulate Ehd1 expression, respectively
  • Ehd1, FKF1~OsFKF1, Rice FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1 OsFKF1 promotes flowering independent of photoperiod., Moreover, OsFKF1 can upregulate Ehd1 expression under blue light treatment, without affecting the expression of Ehd2 and Ghd7
  • Ehd1, FKF1~OsFKF1, Rice FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1 OsFKF1 promotes flowering independent of photoperiod., In contrast to the LD-specific floral activator Arabidopsis FKF1, OsFKF1 likely acts as an autonomous floral activator because it promotes flowering independent of photoperiod, probably via its distinct roles in controlling expression of rice-specific genes including Ehd2, Ghd7, and Ehd1
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, Genetic interactions between diverged alleles of Early heading date 1 Ehd1 and Heading date 3a Hd3a/ RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 RFT1 control differential heading and contribute to regional adaptation in rice Oryza sativa., Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) regulates Hd3a and RFT1
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, Genetic interactions between diverged alleles of Early heading date 1 Ehd1 and Heading date 3a Hd3a/ RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 RFT1 control differential heading and contribute to regional adaptation in rice Oryza sativa., We demonstrated that, in an ehd1 mutant background, Hd3a was silenced, but RFT1 was expressed (although at lower levels than in plants with a functional Ehd1) under short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) conditions
  • Ehd1, RFT1, Genetic interactions between diverged alleles of Early heading date 1 Ehd1 and Heading date 3a Hd3a/ RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 RFT1 control differential heading and contribute to regional adaptation in rice Oryza sativa., Genetic interactions between diverged alleles of Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) and Heading date 3a (Hd3a)/ RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (RFT1) control differential heading and contribute to regional adaptation in rice (Oryza sativa).
  • Ehd1, RFT1, Genetic interactions between diverged alleles of Early heading date 1 Ehd1 and Heading date 3a Hd3a/ RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 RFT1 control differential heading and contribute to regional adaptation in rice Oryza sativa., Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) regulates Hd3a and RFT1
  • Ehd1, RFT1, Genetic interactions between diverged alleles of Early heading date 1 Ehd1 and Heading date 3a Hd3a/ RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 RFT1 control differential heading and contribute to regional adaptation in rice Oryza sativa., We demonstrated that, in an ehd1 mutant background, Hd3a was silenced, but RFT1 was expressed (although at lower levels than in plants with a functional Ehd1) under short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) conditions
  • Ehd1, RFT1, Genetic interactions between diverged alleles of Early heading date 1 Ehd1 and Heading date 3a Hd3a/ RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 RFT1 control differential heading and contribute to regional adaptation in rice Oryza sativa., We identified a nonfunctional RFT1 allele (rft1); the lines carrying homozygous ehd1 and Hd3a/rft1 failed to induce the floral transition under SD and LD conditions
  • Ehd1, SNB, Rice miR172 induces flowering by suppressing OsIDS1 and SNB, two AP2 genes that negatively regulate expression of Ehd1 and florigens., Rice miR172 induces flowering by suppressing OsIDS1 and SNB, two AP2 genes that negatively regulate expression of Ehd1 and florigens.
  • Ehd1, SNB, Rice miR172 induces flowering by suppressing OsIDS1 and SNB, two AP2 genes that negatively regulate expression of Ehd1 and florigens., We revealed that miR172d developmentally induced flowering via repressing OsIDS1 and SNB, which suppressed Ehd1
  • Ehd1, SDG708, SET DOMAIN GROUP 708, a histone H3 lysine 36-specific methyltransferase, controls flowering time in rice Oryza sativa, Compared with the wild-type, SDG708-knockdown rice mutants displayed a late-flowering phenotype under both long-day and short-day conditions because of the down-regulation of the key flowering regulatory genes Heading date 3a (Hd3a), RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (RFT1), and Early heading date 1 (Ehd1).
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Both Hd1 and Ehd1 are important for artificial selection of flowering time in cultivated rice., Both Hd1 and Ehd1 are important for artificial selection of flowering time in cultivated rice.
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Both Hd1 and Ehd1 are important for artificial selection of flowering time in cultivated rice., These varieties contain loss-of-function of two important flowering-time related genes, Heading date 1 (Hd1) and Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), and are mainly from a mega variety, Taichung 65
  • Ehd1, Hd1, Both Hd1 and Ehd1 are important for artificial selection of flowering time in cultivated rice., Both Hd1 and Ehd1 may be important during artificial selection for flowering time, especially in a subtropical region such as Taiwan
  • Ehd1, OsCOL10, OsCOL10, a CONSTANS-like gene, functions as a flowering-time repressor downstream of Ghd7 in rice., Further studies show that OsCOL10 represses the expression of the FT-like genes RFT1 and Hd3a through Ehd1
  • Ehd1, OsCOL10, OsCOL10, a CONSTANS-like gene, functions as a flowering-time repressor downstream of Ghd7 in rice., Together, we conclude that OsCOL10 functions as a flowering-time repressor that links between Ghd7 and Ehd1 in rice
  • Ehd1, OsRR1, Homodimerization of Ehd1 is required to induce flowering in rice., A type-A RR, OsRR1, physically interacts with Ehd1 to form a heterodimer
  • Ehd1, OsRR1, Homodimerization of Ehd1 is required to induce flowering in rice., Based on these observations, we conclude that OsRR1 inhibits Ehd1 activity by binding to form an inactive complex
  • Ehd1, OsABF1~OsABI5~OREB1~OsbZIP10, A Drought-inducible bZIP Transcription Factor OsABF1 Delays Reproductive Timing in Rice., Molecular and genetic analyses demonstrate that a drought regime enhances expression of the OsABF1 gene, which indirectly suppresses expression of the Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) gene that encodes a key activator of rice flowering
  • Ehd1, HDR1, The Oryza sativa Regulator HDR1 Associates with the Kinase OsK4 to Control Photoperiodic Flowering., We determined that HDR1 is a novel suppressor of flowering that upregulates Hd1 and downregulates Ehd1, leading to the downregulation of Hd3a and RFT1 under LDs
  • Ehd1, HDR1, The Oryza sativa Regulator HDR1 Associates with the Kinase OsK4 to Control Photoperiodic Flowering., OsK4 acts similarly to HDR1, suppressing flowering by upregulating Hd1 and downregulating Ehd1 under LDs, and OsK4 can phosphorylate HD1 with HDR1 presents
  • Ehd1, SnRK1B~OsK4, The Oryza sativa Regulator HDR1 Associates with the Kinase OsK4 to Control Photoperiodic Flowering., OsK4 acts similarly to HDR1, suppressing flowering by upregulating Hd1 and downregulating Ehd1 under LDs, and OsK4 can phosphorylate HD1 with HDR1 presents
  • Ehd1, Ghd7, Hd1,a CONSTANS Orthlog in Rice, Functions as an Ehd1 Repressor Through Interaction with Monocot-Specific CCT-Domain Protein Ghd7., Hd1,a CONSTANS Orthlog in Rice, Functions as an Ehd1 Repressor Through Interaction with Monocot-Specific CCT-Domain Protein Ghd7.
  • Ehd1, Ghd7, Hd1,a CONSTANS Orthlog in Rice, Functions as an Ehd1 Repressor Through Interaction with Monocot-Specific CCT-Domain Protein Ghd7., Here, we report biological interactions between Ghd7 and Hd1, which together repress Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), a key floral inducer under non-inductive long-day (LD) conditions
  • Ehd1, OsBBX14, OsBBX14 delays heading date by repressing florigen gene expression under long and short-day conditions in rice, Under SD conditions, Ehd1 expression was reduced in OsBBX14-OX lines, but Hd1 and circadian clock gene expressions were unaffected, indicating that OsBBX14 acts as a repressor of Ehd1
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, Hd3a, RFT1 and Ehd1 integrate photoperiodic and drought stress signals to delay the floral transition in rice., Hd3a, RFT1 and Ehd1 integrate photoperiodic and drought stress signals to delay the floral transition in rice.
  • Ehd1, Hd3a, Hd3a, RFT1 and Ehd1 integrate photoperiodic and drought stress signals to delay the floral transition in rice., Exposure to drought stress under floral-inductive photoperiods strongly reduced transcription of EARLY HEADING DATE 1 (Ehd1), HEADING DATE 3a (Hd3a) and RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 (RFT1), primary integrators of day length signals, providing a molecular connection between stress and the photoperiodic pathway
  • Ehd1, Hd18, Hd18, encoding histone acetylase related to Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS D, is involved in the control of flowering time in rice., Compared with those in Koshihikari, the expression levels of the flowering-time genes Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), Heading date 3a (Hd3a), and Rice flowering locus T1 (RFT1) were lower in a near-isogenic line with the Hayamasari Hd18 allele in a Koshihikari genetic background
  • Ehd1, OsCOL13, A CONSTANS-like transcriptional activator, OsCOL13, functions as a negative regulator of flowering downstream of OsphyB and upstream of Ehd1 in rice., A CONSTANS-like transcriptional activator, OsCOL13, functions as a negative regulator of flowering downstream of OsphyB and upstream of Ehd1 in rice.
  • Ehd1, OsCOL13, A CONSTANS-like transcriptional activator, OsCOL13, functions as a negative regulator of flowering downstream of OsphyB and upstream of Ehd1 in rice., OsCOL13 suppresses the florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1 by repressing Ehd1, but has no relationship with other known Ehd1 regulators as determined by using mutants or near isogenic lines
  • Ehd1, OsCOL13, A CONSTANS-like transcriptional activator, OsCOL13, functions as a negative regulator of flowering downstream of OsphyB and upstream of Ehd1 in rice., Thus, we conclude that OsCOL13 functions as a negative regulator downstream of OsphyB and upstream of Ehd1 in the photoperiodic flowering in rice
  • DTH2~OsCOL9~OsCCT08, Ehd1, CONSTANS-like 9 COL9 delays the flowering time in Oryza sativa by repressing the Ehd1 pathway., Our data showed that overexpression of OsCOL9 delayed the flowering time under both short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) conditions, leading to suppressed expressions of EHd1, RFT and Hd3a at the mRNA Level
  • DTH2~OsCOL9~OsCCT08, Ehd1, CONSTANS-like 9 COL9 delays the flowering time in Oryza sativa by repressing the Ehd1 pathway., OsCOL9 expression exhibited two types of circadian patterns under different daylight conditions, and it could delay the heading date by suppressing the Ehd1 photoperiodic flowering pathway
  • DTH2~OsCOL9~OsCCT08, Ehd1, CONSTANS-like 9 COL9 delays the flowering time in Oryza sativa by repressing the Ehd1 pathway., Taken together, our results revealed that OsCOL9 could delay the flowering time in rice by repressing the Ehd1 pathway
  • Ehd1, OsHAPL1, The OsHAPL1-DTH8-Hd1 complex functions as the transcription regulator to repress heading date in rice., Further studies showed that OsHAPL1 represses the expression of the florigen genes and FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 (RFT1) and Hd3a through Early heading date 1 (Ehd1)
  • Ehd1, OsHAPL1, The OsHAPL1-DTH8-Hd1 complex functions as the transcription regulator to repress heading date in rice., We propose that OsHAPL1 functions as a transcriptional regulator and, together with DTH8, Hd1, the HAP complex, and general transcription factors, regulates the expression of target genes and then affects heading date by influencing the expression of Hd3a and RFT1 through Ehd1
  • Ehd1, OsCOL10, Flowering time regulation by the CONSTANS-Like gene OsCOL10., Through transgenic analysis, we have showed that OsCOL10 repress flowering by reducing expression of the FT-like genes RFT1 and Hd3a through Ehd1
  • Ehd1, OsCOL10, Flowering time regulation by the CONSTANS-Like gene OsCOL10., Moreover, we also showed that OsCOL10 acts downstream of Ghd7, a key LD-specific flowering repressor by reducing expression of Ehd1
  • Ehd1, OsCOL10, Flowering time regulation by the CONSTANS-Like gene OsCOL10., Collectively, our finding identifies OsCOL10 functioning as a flowering-time repressor that links between Ghd7 and Ehd1 in rice
  • Ehd1, PLA3~OsLBD3-7~OsLBD37, OsLBD37 and OsLBD38, two class II type LBD proteins, are involved in the regulation of heading date by controlling the expression of Ehd1 in rice., OsLBD37 and OsLBD38, two class II type LBD proteins, are involved in the regulation of heading date by controlling the expression of Ehd1 in rice.
  • Ehd1, PLA3~OsLBD3-7~OsLBD37, OsLBD37 and OsLBD38, two class II type LBD proteins, are involved in the regulation of heading date by controlling the expression of Ehd1 in rice., Further analysis revealed that OsLBD37 and OsLBD38 delayed heading date by down-regulating the expression of the florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1 through key regulator of heading date Ehd1
  • Ehd1, OsLBD38, OsLBD37 and OsLBD38, two class II type LBD proteins, are involved in the regulation of heading date by controlling the expression of Ehd1 in rice., OsLBD37 and OsLBD38, two class II type LBD proteins, are involved in the regulation of heading date by controlling the expression of Ehd1 in rice.
  • Ehd1, OsLBD38, OsLBD37 and OsLBD38, two class II type LBD proteins, are involved in the regulation of heading date by controlling the expression of Ehd1 in rice., Further analysis revealed that OsLBD37 and OsLBD38 delayed heading date by down-regulating the expression of the florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1 through key regulator of heading date Ehd1
  • Ehd1, OsMADS7~OsMADS45, Ectopic expression of OsMADS45 activates the upstream genes Hd3a and RFT1 at an early development stage causing early flowering in rice., We introduce an OsMADS45 overexpression construct Ubi:OsMADS45 into TNG67 plants (an Hd1 (Heading date 1) and Ehd1 (Early heading date 1) defective rice cultivar grown in Taiwan), and we analyzed the expression patterns of various floral regulators to understand the regulation pathways affected by OsMADS45 expression
  • Ehd1, OsMADS7~OsMADS45, Ectopic expression of OsMADS45 activates the upstream genes Hd3a and RFT1 at an early development stage causing early flowering in rice., OsMADS45 overexpression did not influence other floral regulator genes upstream of Hd1 and Ehd1, such as OsGI (OsGIGANTEA), Ehd2/Osld1/RID1 and OsMADS50
  • Ehd1, OsCOL16, OsCOL16, encoding a CONSTANS-like protein, represses flowering by up-regulating Ghd7 expression in rice., We determined that OsCOL16 up-regulates the expression of the floral repressor Ghd7, leading to down-regulation of the expression of Ehd1, Hd3a, and RFT1
  • Ehd1, Ghd7, Alternative functions of Hd1 in repressing or promoting heading are determined by Ghd7 status under long-day conditions., The interaction between proteins Ghd7 and Hd1 occurred through binding of the CCT domain of Ghd7 to the transcription-activating domain of Hd1, resulting in suppression of Ehd1 and florigen gene expression

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